Prenatal Carrier Screening Test
Below is a plain-language overview of the prenatal carrier screening test. Prenatal carrier screening is a blood test that checks whether a person carries gene changes that could be passed to a child. It is often ordered before or during pregnancy to assess the chance of having a baby with certain inherited conditions.
- Sample type
- blood
- Category
- General Wellness
- Turnaround
- 1-3 business days
- Price
- $1
- Referral
- Not required
Prenatal carrier screening is a blood test that checks whether a person carries gene changes that could be passed to a child. It is often ordered before or during pregnancy to assess the chance of having a baby with certain inherited conditions.
What it measures
- Cystic fibrosis (CFTR gene) — Looks for common changes linked to cystic fibrosis, which affects breathing and digestion.
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMN1 gene) — Checks for changes that can cause muscle weakness and movement problems.
- Sickle cell disease and related hemoglobin disorders (HBB gene) — Screens for changes that affect red blood cells and can cause anemia and pain.
- Thalassemia (HBA1/HBA2 genes) — Looks for changes that can lead to low red blood cells and fatigue.
- Fragile X syndrome (FMR1 gene) — Checks for a repeat expansion that can cause intellectual disability, especially in boys.
- Tay-Sachs and other metabolic conditions — Screens for changes that affect how the body breaks down certain fats and sugars.
Who it is for
This test is typically ordered by a primary care clinician, obstetrician, or genetic counselor. It is offered to people who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, especially if they have a family history of an inherited condition.
Preparation
No fasting or special preparation is needed. You can eat and drink normally before the blood draw.
Results and what they mean
Results are usually reported as positive (a carrier) or negative (not a carrier) for each condition tested. A clinician or genetic counselor will interpret your results in the context of your family history and may recommend testing for your partner. This information is general and not medical advice; discuss your results with a qualified healthcare provider.
How to order this test
- Choose the test and place a confidential order online.
- Select a certified collection site and pick a time that suits you.
- Have your specimen collected — most draws take only a few minutes.
- Review results in a secure portal, typically within 1–3 days.
Preparation, hours, and pricing vary by site; confirm details directly with the lab before your visit.
Availability by state
Direct-access online ordering for the prenatal carrier screening test is available in most states. It is currently unavailable in 6 states:
Everywhere else you can order confidentially and collect your sample at a certified site. Browse by state →
Frequently asked questions
Does a positive result mean my baby will have the condition?
Not necessarily. Being a carrier means you have one changed gene copy. A baby would only be at risk if both parents are carriers of the same condition.
Is this test required during pregnancy?
No. It is optional. Your clinician can help you decide if it is right for you based on your history and preferences.
How long do results take?
Most results are ready in 1 to 3 business days, though some tests may take longer.
Will my insurance cover this test?
Many plans cover carrier screening, but coverage varies. Check with your insurance company or the testing lab about costs.